DelDOT's Cultural Resources -
Archaeology/Historic Preservation
Cultural Resources Glossary
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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z References Haft - Handle or shaft, usually made of bone or wood. Ethnographic studies and residue analysis indicate that hafting was attached to stone tools with vegetal cordage or sinew, often using glues derived from horn or bone. Hafting Element - Proximal end of a projectile point or other stone tool fashioned to receive a half. The hafting element was often ground to reduce abrasion on cordage. Hall-Parlor Plan - A house containing two rooms side by side, with the ridge of the roof running parallel to the long wall of the structure. Hammerstone - Tough, usually round or ovoid stone exhibiting worn or pitted surface areas from use as a percussor in the production of stone tools, used as a hammer and which is sometimes grooved for hafting to a handle. Usually ungrooved, however, it has a variety of forms ranging from a crudely shaped sphere to a finely ground ovoid with a battered end. Header - A masonry unit, laid so its ends are exposed, and overlapping two or more widths of masonry and tying them together. Hell Island Ware - A Woodland I (A.D. 600 - A.D. 1000) conoidal shaped ceramic tempered with finely crushed quartz and mica inclusions, whose exterior surface may be fabric impressed or cord impressed. Hemp - A plant which produces a tough fiber used in making cordage. Hewn - Of wood, roughly dressed by ax or adze. Hinterland - The land directly adjacent to and inland from a coast. Also a region remote from urban areas; back country. Hipped Roof - A roof which pitches inward from all four sides. Historic - The time period after the appearance of written records. In the New World, this generally refers to the time period after the beginning of European settlement at approximately 1600 A.D. Historic (or Historical) Archaeology - The study of material culture in an historical perspective from initial European settlement to today. Historic Property - A building, archeological resource (site), structure, object, or district that a SHPO, THPO, or FPO maintains or seeks to maintain information about, for the purposes of historical designation, preservation, or protection at the federal, state, tribal, or local level. This includes artifacts and remains within such properties, but not separate records or artifact collections. Historic Property Inventory - A list (or group of lists) of historic or potentially historic properties, including various types of property-based data collected and maintained by SHPOs, THPOs, or FPOs for the purpose of designation, preservation, or protection. Historic Property Survey - The systematic gathering and recording of predesignated or designated documentation on a potential historic property or properties. Historical - The time period after the appearance of written records. In the New World, this generally refers to the time period after the beginning of European settlement at approximately 1600 A.D. Historical Archaeology - The study of material culture in an historical perspective. Hole-Set Post - Posts set directly in the ground connected by sills, a common practice in earthfast construction. Holocene - The latest division of the Quarternary period in geological consisting of the time between the end of the Pleistocene (q.v.) around 8000 B.C. (10,000 B.P.) and the present; the current period in geological time. Home Manufactures - Trades or crafts performed in the home producing goods for sale or trade outside of the domentis sphere. Hopper - A vertically-hinged window. Horizon - A layer of soil, usually on a plane parallel to the natural surface, that reflects in its color and texture the process of soil formation. HUD (Housing and Urban Development) - A federal regulatory agency established to increase home ownership, support community development, and increase access to affordable housing, free from discrimination. This department is headed by the U.S. Secretary for Housing and Urban Development and is supported by many program and support offices throughout the federal and state governments. (http://www.hud.gov/about/index.cfm 2009) Humus - Soil, usually on top of the ground, that contains a large proportion of rotted and rotting vegetable material. Hundred - A subdivision of some English and American counties. Hunter-Gatherers - Peoples whose means of resource procurement is solely by hunting wild game and collecting wild seeds, nuts, and other vegetal material. Hydrology - The scientific study of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on the earth's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere. Hydrophyte - A plant that grows in and is adapted to an aquatic or very wet environment. Hydrophytic - A type of plant that grows in and is adapted to an aquatic or very wet environment. Hydrophytic Association - A group of plants that grow in and are adapted to an aquatic or very wet environment. 2 This is a statement that the archaeologist tries to prove it true (or, sometimes, false). The opposite of this statement is the "mull hypothesis". If the Null Hypothesis can be proved false, then the Hypothesis will be accepted as true until new evidence comes along that calls it into questions. Hypothesis - A tentative assumption made in order to draw out and test its logical or empirical consequences. |
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